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Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Robotic Sensing and Stimuli Provision for Guided Plant Growth

Robotic Sensing and Stimuli Provision for Guided Plant Growth

Published on: July 1, 2019

Development and optimization of an automatic transplanting device for plug tray vegetable seedlings using embedded

Ajit Pralhad Magar¹, Sachin Madhukar Nalawade², Avdhoot Ashok Walunj²

¹ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, 462 038, Madhya Pradesh, India. ajitpmagar1355@gmail.com.

Scientific Reports

|July 2, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new, cost-effective automatic seedling extractor was developed for vegetable transplanting. This device significantly reduces labor and time, offering a promising solution for horticulture in India and developing nations.

Keywords:

Box Behnken design Embedded system Indexing mechanism Seedling extractor Vegetable transplanter

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Area of Science:

Agricultural Engineering
Horticultural Technology
Robotics and Automation

Background:

Timely seedling transplantation is vital for horticulture but faces challenges in India due to labor shortages and high costs of automated machinery.
Limited research exists on simple, indigenous automatic seedling extractor designs for vegetable transplanters.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and develop a simple, cost-effective vegetable transplanting device with an automatic plug-tray seedling extraction feature.
To optimize the performance of the automatic seedling extractor for maximizing extraction ratio and minimizing failure ratio.

Main Methods:

A mechanical toggle mechanism and a closed-loop controlled embedded system were utilized for the automatic seedling extractor.
Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize key factors: crank rotational speed, seedling root bulb moisture content, and needle penetration depth.
Field testing was conducted using tomato and cabbage seedlings to evaluate the transplanting device's efficiency.

Main Results:

Optimal performance of the seedling extractor was achieved at 38 seedlings/min, 75% bulb moisture content, and 30 mm needle penetration depth.
Field tests demonstrated a seedling extraction ratio of 96.05% and field efficiency of 91.8% for tomato and cabbage.
The developed transplanting device saved 92.2% of the time compared to conventional manual transplantation.

Conclusions:

The developed automatic seedling extractor and transplanting system offer a robust, efficient, and cost-effective solution for vegetable cultivation.
This technology holds significant potential for improving the timeliness and economic viability of vegetable transplanting in India and other developing nations.