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Dry Film Photoresist-based Electrochemical Microfluidic Biosensor Platform: Device Fabrication, On-chip Assay Preparation, and System Operation

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Stimuli-responsive smart materials enabled high-performance biosensors for liquid biopsies.

Xiaoqi Gao^1,2, Bayinqiaoge Bayinqiaoge³, Ming Li¹

¹School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.

Journal of Nanobiotechnology

|July 2, 2025

Summary

Stimuli-responsive smart materials enhance biosensor performance for personalized medicine. These advanced materials improve biomarker detection in bodily fluids, enabling more accurate and user-friendly diagnostics.

Keywords:

Biosensors Liquid biopsy Smart materials Stimuli-responsive materials

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Materials Science
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Liquid biopsies are crucial for personalized medicine, enabling tailored treatments through precise biochemical detection.
Modern biosensors analyze biomarkers in bodily fluids but face limitations like mono-functionality and low sensitivity.
Stimuli-responsive smart materials offer a solution to enhance biosensor capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and compare recent advancements in stimuli-responsive smart materials for biosensing.
To highlight the mechanisms and operational principles of these smart materials.
To discuss their impact on biosensor performance for biomarker detection.

Main Methods:

Critical examination of physical, chemical, and biochemical stimuli-responsive smart materials.
Analysis of their integration into biosensing platforms.
Comparison of their advantages in biomarker detection.

Main Results:

Smart materials improve signal transduction, release, and amplification of biomarkers.
Enhanced sensitivity, simplified workflows, and multi-target detection are achieved.
These materials are key to advancing biosensor performance for bodily fluid analysis.

Conclusions:

Stimuli-responsive smart materials are essential for overcoming current biosensor limitations.
Further research is needed to develop versatile, accurate, and user-friendly biosensors for point-of-care applications.
Integration of smart materials promises significant progress in clinical diagnostics and personalized medicine.