Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium modulates gut microbiota: Impacts on human health

The gut microbiota (GM) is a complex and dynamic ecosystem comprising bacteria, viruses, fungi, archaea, and eukaryotic organisms. It plays a critical role in maintaining human health by regulating immune responses, gastrointestinal function, metabolism, and neurological activity. Maintaining a balanced GM is essential, as dysbiosis-an imbalance in microbial composition-has been linked to a variety of disorders, including gastrointestinal diseases, metabolic syndromes, and neurological conditions. Within this context, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has emerged as a promising approach for modulating GM composition and function. Herbal therapies that support spleen health, a core concept in TCM, have been shown to enhance digestive function and restore microbial balance. Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP), commonly known as Chenpi, has demonstrated beneficial effects on GM by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and inhibiting pathogenic strains, thereby contributing to overall health improvement. The bioactivity of CRP is largely attributed to its rich flavonoid content, including neohesperidin, hesperetin, and naringenin-compounds known for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. These flavonoids not only exert direct biological effects but also interact with the GM to influence its structure and functionality. This review aims to elucidate the intricate interplay among CRP, its phytochemical constituents, and the gut microbiota. It will explore the potential of CRP as a modulator of GM and its synergistic effects when combined with other therapeutic strategies, such as probiotics and dietary interventions. A deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms may pave the way for innovative and integrative approaches to disease prevention and treatment, ultimately advancing human health and healthcare outcomes.