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Subacute thyroiditis as a post-COVID-19 complication: a systematic review.

Kiana Ghafourian¹, Fatemeh Salehian¹, Hosna Shakeri¹

¹Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

BMC Infectious Diseases

|July 2, 2025

Summary

Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) can emerge after COVID-19, presenting varied symptoms and requiring monitoring. While many patients recover thyroid function with treatment, some may develop hypothyroidism, highlighting the need for continued research.

Keywords:

COVID-19 Subacute thyroiditis Systematic review

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Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Infectious Diseases
Thyroidology

Background:

Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) has been observed following COVID-19 infections.
This presents clinical challenges in diagnosis and management.
Understanding the COVID-19 and SAT interplay is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between COVID-19 and Subacute Thyroiditis.
To analyze clinical characteristics, diagnostic findings, and treatment outcomes of COVID-19-associated SAT.

Main Methods:

A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus databases.
Search terms included "Subacute Thyroiditis" and "COVID-19."
46 relevant studies (37 case reports, 9 case series) involving 75 patients were analyzed.

Main Results:

Patients aged 18-85 presented with symptoms like neck pain and palpitations post-COVID-19.
Treatment with prednisone and NSAIDs led to recovery in many, but some progressed to hypothyroidism.
Diagnostic findings varied, including imaging, inflammatory markers, thyroid function tests, and antibody presence.

Conclusions:

Subacute thyroiditis following COVID-19 is complex, with diverse presentations.
Most patients recover thyroid function, but vigilant monitoring for hypothyroidism is essential.
Further research is needed to refine diagnosis, treatment, and patient care for SAT post-COVID-19.