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In cross-sectional research, a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time. If they were interested in people's dietary habits, the researcher might directly compare different groups of people by age. Instead of following a group of people for 20 years to see how their dietary habits changed from decade to decade, the researcher would study a group of 20-year-old individuals and compare them to a group of 30-year-old individuals and a group of 40-year-old...
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Updated: Sep 17, 2025

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Key disparities between first-generation and continuing-generation medical students: a quantitative analysis.

Julian Michael Burwell1, Sonia Lobo2

  • 1Department of Medical Education, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Geisinger College of Health Sciences, 525 Pine Street, Scranton, PA, 18509, USA. julianburwell@gmail.com.

BMC Medical Education
|July 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary

First-generation medical students experience greater social isolation and unmet basic needs, despite higher resilience. Targeted institutional support is crucial for their success and well-being.

Keywords:
Basic NeedsFinancial AidFirst GenerationMedical School EducationThird Party ResourcesUnder-Represented in MedicineVisiting Student Learning Opportunities

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Student Well-being
  • Health Disparities

Background:

  • First-generation (FG) medical students encounter unique challenges impacting academic performance and personal well-being.
  • Significant disparities exist between FG and continuing-generation (CG) students in key areas: resilience, social isolation, basic needs, and perceived institutional support.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify and compare the experiences of FG and CG medical students across four critical domains.
  • To identify specific challenges faced by FG medical students, including financial strain and social disconnection.

Main Methods:

  • An anonymous survey was distributed to all medical student classes at Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine.
  • Data from 62 completed surveys were analyzed using statistical methods including Student's T-test and ANOVA.
  • FG status was defined as having no parent with a 4-year college degree.

Main Results:

  • FG students reported significantly higher resilience (p=0.01), social isolation (p=0.005), and unmet basic needs (p<0.001).
  • Key disparities included food/housing insecurity, educational resource affordability, and access to learning opportunities.
  • While scholarships helped, they did not fully eliminate the identified disparities for FG students.

Conclusions:

  • FG medical students face substantial and persistent challenges that require proactive institutional intervention.
  • Recommendations include enhanced financial aid, subsidized resources, and improved peer support networks.
  • Addressing these disparities is vital for fostering a diverse physician workforce capable of serving all communities.