The association between four dietary indices and mortality risk in cardiovascular disease patients
Mengshan Pan1, Tongle Yin1, Ying Yang1
1School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou City, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China.
Insights
Healthy dietary patterns like the Planetary Healthy Diet Index-United States, Healthy Eating Index, and Mediterranean Diet are linked to lower mortality risk in cardiovascular patients. Conversely, a higher Dietary Inflammation Index is associated with increased mortality.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Disease Research
- Nutritional Epidemiology
- Public Health Nutrition
Background:
- Previous studies indicate associations between various dietary patterns and mortality in cardiovascular patients.
- The Planetary Healthy Diet Index-United States (PHDI-US), Healthy Eating Index (HEI), Mediterranean Diet (MD), and Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) are recognized dietary assessment tools.
- Understanding the impact of these specific dietary patterns on mortality risk in U.S. cardiovascular patients is crucial for public health initiatives.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between adherence to four distinct dietary patterns and all-cause mortality risk among U.S. adults with cardiovascular disease.
- To determine if the PHDI-US, HEI, MD, and DII predict mortality outcomes in a representative U.S. cardiovascular patient population.
- To provide evidence-based dietary recommendations for improving survival rates in individuals with cardiovascular conditions.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2005-2018, including adults aged 19 and older.
- Assessed dietary intake using 24-hour dietary recalls to calculate scores for the PHDI-US, HEI, MD, and DII.
- Employed survey-weighted multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models to analyze the relationship between dietary indices and all-cause mortality, adjusting for potential confounders.
Main Results:
- Higher adherence to the PHDI-US, HEI, and MD was significantly associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality in cardiovascular disease patients.
- Conversely, a higher DII score was significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality.
- These associations remained significant after full adjustment for potential confounding factors, underscoring the robustness of the findings.
Conclusions:
- Adherence to healthier dietary patterns, including the PHDI-US, HEI, and MD, is associated with lower all-cause mortality among U.S. cardiovascular disease patients.
- Conversely, a pro-inflammatory dietary pattern, as indicated by a higher DII, is linked to increased mortality risk in this population.
- Specific dietary patterns showed differential associations with mortality in subgroups, such as congestive heart failure and angina pectoris patients, highlighting the need for tailored dietary guidance.
Background:
The Planetary Healthy Diet Index-United States, the Healthy Diet Index, the Mediterranean Diet, and the Dietary Inflammation Index were linked to mortality rates in cardiovascular patients. This study investigated the relationship between these dietary patterns and all-cause mortality risk in U.S. cardiovascular patients from 2005 to 2006 to 2017-2018.
Methods:
Data were collected from adults aged 19 years and older participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005 to 2006 to 2017-2018. Dietary patterns were assessed for each survey cycle using 24-hour dietary recalls, and scores for the four dietary indices were calculated. Survey-weighted multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models evaluated associations between these indices and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among patients with cardiovascular disease, using hazard ratios across quartiles and per 1-SD increment.
Results:
This study included 3,088 patients with cardiovascular disease. In the partially adjusted model, the Planetary Healthy Diet Index-United States (HR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.75-0.87; P < 0.001), Healthy Eating Index (HR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.78-0.93; P < 0.001), and the Mediterranean Diet (HR = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.75-0.90; P < 0.001) were each associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality. In contrast, the Dietary Inflammatory Index was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.14-1.37; P < 0.001). In the fully adjusted model, the Planetary Healthy Diet Index-United States (HR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.81-0.97; P = 0.005) remained significantly associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality, whereas the Dietary Inflammation Index (HR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.07-1.34; P = 0.002) continued to show a significant association with increased mortality risk.
Conclusions:
Among cardiovascular disease patients, higher adherence to the Healthy Eating Index, Mediterranean Diet, and Planetary Healthy Diet Index-United States was linked to lower all-cause mortality, while higher Dietary Inflammation Index scores were linked to increased mortality. The Mediterranean Diet and Planetary Healthy Diet Index-United States were inversely associated with mortality in congestive heart failure patients, whereas Dietary Inflammation Index was positively associated with mortality in this group and in those with angina pectoris.
More Related Videos
06:04Author Spotlight: Assessing the Cardiovascular Profile of Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
Published on: September 27, 2024
03:35Determining Gender-Based Differences in Retinal and Choroidal Thickness in Underweight Individuals via Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography
Published on: December 1, 2023
Related Concept Videos
01:30Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction
01:26Atherosclerosis III: Management
01:26Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures
01:23Assessment of the Cardiovascular System I: Subjective Data
Initial Enquiry
Ask the patient about their primary concern and thoroughly explore all reported symptoms.
Medical History
Investigate past illnesses affecting the cardiovascular system, such as angina, anemia, rheumatic fever, congenital heart disease, stroke, thrombophlebitis, dysrhythmias, varicosities
Inquire about symptoms...
02:59Cancer Prevention
Some...
01:27Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease
A key area of focus in PNI is the relationship between stress and coronary...