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Updated: Sep 17, 2025

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Novel Roles for Geranylgeranyl Transferase-III (GGTase-III) in Insulin Secretion.

Noah F Gleason1,2, Mirabela Hali1, Anjaneyulu Kowluru3

  • 1Biomedical Research Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201.

Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry : International Journal of Experimental Cellular Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology
|July 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Geranylgeranyl transferase-III (GGTase-III) is crucial for insulin secretion. Inhibiting GGTase-III in pancreatic beta cells significantly reduced glucose- and KCl-stimulated insulin release, highlighting its essential role.

Keywords:
Protein prenylation ; GGTase-III ; Islet β-cell ; Insulin secretion ; G proteins ; Diabetes

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Post-translational prenylation of G proteins is vital for insulin secretion.
  • GGTase-III regulates Ykt6 via geranylgeranylation, but its role in insulin secretion is unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine GGTase-III expression in pancreatic beta cells.
  • To investigate GGTase-III's role in glucose- and KCl-induced insulin secretion.

Main Methods:

  • Isolated human and mouse islets, and INS-1 832/13 cells.
  • siRNA-mediated knockdown of PTAR1 (GGTase-III alpha-subunit).
  • Quantification of insulin secretion and protein expression via ELISA and Western blotting.

Main Results:

  • GGTase-III subunits (PTAR1, RabGGTB) are expressed in human and rodent islets and beta cell lines.
  • PTAR1 knockdown significantly reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (~60%) and KCl-induced insulin release (~69%).
  • Ykt6, a GGTase-III substrate, was detected in islets and beta cells.

Conclusions:

  • GGTase-III signaling is essential for both glucose- and KCl-stimulated insulin secretion.
  • GGTase-III plays a critical role in regulating insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells.