[Advances in Animal Modeling in the Study of Bone-Vascular Axis Comorbidities]

Osteoporosis and cardiovascular calcification, two major age-related chronic diseases that China is confronting today, pose serious threats to public health. Previous studies have reported overlapping connections in the pathological processes and molecular mechanisms of these two diseases, particularly concerning inflammation, oxidative stress, and dysregulation of mineral metabolism, and that these two diseases tend to share common pathogenic factors. However, research exploring the comorbidity mechanisms of the two diseases remains limited in both depth and scope, largely due to the lack of widely accepted comorbidity animal models. Herein, we analyzed the latest research findings on the comorbidity mechanisms of vascular calcification and osteoporosis, focusing on summarizing the animal disease models currently in extensive use and the relevant evaluation criteria. We aim to provide new references for comorbidity research models and offer scientific evidence for future studies on pathological mechanisms and the development of new therapeutic strategies.