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Task-specific morphological and kinematic differences in Lipizzan horses
Manja Zupan Šemrov1, Lucie Přibylová2, Elena Gobbo1
1Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Domžale, Slovenia.
Frontiers in Veterinary Science
|July 2, 2025
Summary
Morphological measurements and gait kinematics are linked in Lipizzan horses, especially in distal limb measurements. Task-specific adaptations in equine locomotion highlight the importance of considering both conformation and work type for horse welfare and performance.
Area of Science:
- Equine biomechanics
- Animal morphology
- Locomotion analysis
Background:
- Equine locomotion is a complex interaction of physical structure, movement mechanics, and job requirements.
- Lipizzan horses, known for varied tasks and consistent environments, offer a model for studying how work influences biomechanics.
- Understanding these relationships is key for improving breeding and animal welfare.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the connection between morphological traits and gait kinematics in Lipizzan horses.
- To identify how different work tasks influence the relationship between a horse's physical build and its movement patterns.
- To explore implications for equine breeding and welfare strategies.
Main Methods:
- Studied 71 healthy Lipizzan horses at the Lipica stud farm performing diverse work tasks.
- Collected morphological data using a sartorial meter and equine measuring stick.
- Recorded kinematic data (regularity, symmetry, cadence, power, stride length, speed) using an Equimetrix accelerometer at 100 Hz during walk and trot.
Main Results:
- Strong links between morphology and gait were found within specific working groups, not the entire cohort.
- Distal limb measurements (hoof, pastern) most consistently correlated with stride and rhythm parameters.
- Horses in general training showed links between distal limb measurements and stride/cadence; riding school horses showed links between broader body measurements and power/symmetry.
Conclusions:
- Conformation and functional demands dynamically shape gait in healthy horses, independent of pathology.
- Morphological measurements interact with work type to influence locomotion, underscoring the need to assess both structure and task.
- Integrating morphometric assessment into training and selection can enhance performance, soundness, and welfare in working horses.
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