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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Behavioral Approaches to Studying Innate Stress in Zebrafish

Behavioral Approaches to Studying Innate Stress in Zebrafish

Published on: May 1, 2019

Individual Differences in Boldness Influence Working Memory and Stress-Induced Repetitive Behaviors in Zebrafish.

Barbara D Fontana¹, Hevelyn S Moraes¹, Camilla W Pretzel¹

¹Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

The European Journal of Neuroscience

|July 2, 2025

Summary

Bold zebrafish exhibit poorer working memory and increased repetitive behaviors after stress, unlike shy fish. This highlights how individual differences in boldness affect stress responses and cognition.

Keywords:

FMP Y‐maze alarm substance individual differences novel tank diving test stress reactivity

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Area of Science:

Neuroethology
Behavioral Neuroscience

Background:

Individual differences in traits like boldness influence survival and adaptability.
Bold individuals often exhibit higher impulsivity and risk-taking, impacting cognition and stress responses.
Understanding the link between boldness, stress, cognition, and maladaptive behaviors is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between boldness, stress reactivity, cognitive performance, and repetitive behaviors in zebrafish.
To determine how individual differences in boldness modulate responses to acute stress.

Main Methods:

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) were classified as bold or shy using the novel tank diving test.
Fish were exposed to conspecific alarm substance (CAS) as an acute stressor.
Cognitive performance and repetitive behaviors were assessed using the FMP Y-maze.

Main Results:

Bold zebrafish showed impaired working memory and increased repetitive behaviors post-stress compared to shy zebrafish.
A positive correlation between boldness and repetitive behaviors was observed in both control and stressed fish.
These findings suggest boldness influences escape strategies and stress-induced behavioral changes.

Conclusions:

Individual differences in boldness significantly impact stress reactivity and cognitive outcomes.
Boldness is associated with maladaptive behaviors like repetitive actions, particularly under stress.
This study provides a framework for exploring resilience and impulsivity in neurobehavioral research.