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Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
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Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
One of the main requirements of a PET scan is a positron-emitting radioisotope, which is produced in a cyclotron and then attached to a substance used by the part of the body...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Quantification of Atherosclerotic Plaque Activity and Vascular Inflammation using [18-F] Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography FDG-PET/CT
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FDG Extravasation in PET/CT Imaging: A Visual Grading Approach Based on Clinical Observations.

Seçkin Bilgiç1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new visual grading system for fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) extravasation in PET/CT scans shows that even minor leakage can significantly impact standardized uptake value (SUV) measurements, affecting diagnostic accuracy.

Keywords:
PET/CTextravasationfluorodeoxyglucose F18image qualityposition emission tomography and computed tomographystandardised uptake value (SUV)visual grading system

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Radiology
  • Oncologic Imaging

Background:

  • Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is crucial for cancer staging and monitoring.
  • FDG extravasation during injection can degrade image quality and affect quantitative analysis.
  • Standardized uptake value (SUV) measurements are key quantitative metrics in PET/CT, but their reliability can be compromised by artifacts like extravasation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a practical, visual grading system for FDG extravasation in PET/CT.
  • To assess the impact of FDG extravasation on semi-quantitative SUV measurements in reference regions (liver and mediastinal blood pool).
  • To provide a framework for improved clinical interpretation and reporting of PET/CT scans affected by extravasation.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 235 oncologic PET/CT scans.
  • Development of a 4-grade visual system (Grade 0-3) to classify FDG extravasation severity.
  • Measurement of mean SUVmax and SUVmean in liver and mediastinal blood pool regions for each grade.
  • Statistical analysis using ANOVA and post hoc testing to compare SUV values across grades.

Main Results:

  • FDG extravasation was present in 31.9% of scans (75/235 patients).
  • Statistically significant increases in liver and mediastinal SUV values were observed in patients with Grade 1 and Grade 2 extravasation compared to Grade 0 (p < 0.001).
  • Liver SUVmax increased by up to 16.6% and mediastinal SUVmean by up to 20.6% in patients with low-to-moderate extravasation, potentially impacting interpretation.

Conclusions:

  • Low-to-moderate FDG extravasation significantly alters reference SUV values in PET/CT.
  • Implementing extravasation grading in clinical reports can enhance diagnostic consistency.
  • Normalizing reference SUV values or accounting for extravasation may reduce the need for repeat imaging and improve diagnostic reliability.