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Stereoisomerism02:52

Stereoisomerism

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Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
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Chirality02:25

Chirality

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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
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Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers02:25

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

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Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
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Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds02:33

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In this lesson, we delve into the role of ring conformation and its stability, which determines the spatial arrangement and, consequently, the molecular symmetry and stereoisomerism of cyclic compounds. 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane is used as a case study to evaluate the possible number of stereoisomers. Here, given the multiple (n = 2) chiral centers, there are 2n = 4 possible configurations that lack a plane of symmetry, as the ring skeleton exists in a non-planar chair conformation. In addition,...
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Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity02:24

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity

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It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...
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Mathematical Double-Matrix Switchable Homochiral Ferroelectric.

Xian-Jiang Song1, Yan Qin1, Yong Ai1

  • 1Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P.R. China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|July 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed new homochiral metal halide ferroelectrics exhibiting switchable optical and piezoelectric properties. This breakthrough enables dual on/off switching of second-harmonic generation circular dichroism and piezoelectric responses for advanced materials applications.

Keywords:
ChiralityFerroelectricityMolecular ferroelectricsPiezoelectricitySHG‐CD

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Physics
  • Nonlinear Optics

Background:

  • Homochiral ferroelectrics offer unique chiroptical effects distinct from conventional ferroelectrics.
  • Switchable matrix elements in nonlinear optical susceptibility (χ(2)) and piezoelectric (d) matrices are crucial for advanced functionalities.
  • Simultaneous, switchable control over second-harmonic generation circular dichroism (SHG-CD) and piezoelectric responses in chiral ferroelectrics remains unreported.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report novel homochiral metal halide ferroelectrics with switchable optical and piezoelectric properties.
  • To demonstrate the dual on/off switching of SHG-CD and piezoelectric responses.
  • To explore materials with switchable matrix elements in both χ(2) and d tensors.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of homochiral metal halide ferroelectrics (R-/S-BTA)₂CdBr₄.
  • Investigation of the ferroelectric phase transition at 362 K (4₃2F2 transition).
  • Measurement of second-harmonic generation circular dichroism (SHG-CD) and piezoelectric responses.

Main Results:

  • The synthesized (R-/S-BTA)₂CdBr₄ exhibits a 4₃2F2 ferroelectric phase transition.
  • Switchable matrix elements between nonzero (point group 2) and zero (point group 4₃2) values in χ(2) and d matrices were confirmed.
  • Strong SHG-CD effects with an anisotropy factor up to 1.28 were observed, surpassing other chiral ferroelectrics.
  • Unprecedented dual on/off switching of SHG-CD and piezoelectric response was achieved, linked to the 4₃2F2 phase transition.

Conclusions:

  • The development of (R-/S-BTA)₂CdBr₄ represents the first homochiral metal halide ferroelectric with dual switchable optical and piezoelectric properties.
  • The observed phenomenon provides a platform for exploring materials with mathematically double-matrix switchable chiral ferroelectrics.
  • This research opens new avenues for designing advanced functional materials with controllable chiroptical and piezoelectric behaviors.