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Lab-on-paper diagnostics for blood sample analysis: a review.

Sumit Malik¹, Joginder Singh², Vivek Chaudhry¹

¹Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133203, India.

Mikrochimica Acta

|July 2, 2025

Summary

Lab-on-paper diagnostics offer low-cost, portable solutions for blood analysis at the point-of-care. These paper-based devices integrate microfluidics for decentralized testing, improving global healthcare access.

Keywords:

Blood biomarkers Chemiluminescence detection Colorimetry Electrochemical detection Fluorescence Lab-on-paper Microfluidics Point-of-care diagnostics

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Analytical Chemistry
Point-of-Care Diagnostics

Background:

Traditional laboratory diagnostics are often inaccessible in resource-limited settings.
There is a growing need for portable, low-cost diagnostic tools for decentralized testing.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive review of lab-on-paper diagnostics for blood analysis.
To highlight advancements, challenges, and future directions in this field.

Main Methods:

Review of recent technological advancements in paper-based microfluidic device fabrication (e.g., wax printing, laser cutting).
Analysis of innovative fluid control, detection strategies (colorimetry, electrochemistry, fluorescence), and on-chip sample pretreatment (plasma separation, analyte concentration).

Main Results:

Lab-on-paper devices enable decentralized blood analysis with integrated sample pretreatment.
These platforms can detect various blood-borne biomarkers, offering potential for global health equity.
Key fabrication techniques and detection methods have been advanced.

Conclusions:

Paper-based diagnostics represent a significant advancement for point-of-care testing, especially in resource-constrained environments.
Addressing challenges in durability, environmental resilience, and digital integration is crucial for widespread adoption.
Lab-on-paper technology holds transformative potential for accessible and equitable healthcare worldwide.