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Rational Antibiotic Use in Office Practice.

Ramachandran Padmanabhan1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600116, India. ramachandran.paeds@gmail.com.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global crisis, posing a significant threat to public health. India faces a substantial AMR burden, with high rates of resistant bacteria like MRSA and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.

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AWaReAntimicrobial resistanceAntimicrobial stewardshipNational action planOffice practiceOne Health

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global health threat, escalating with the discovery of new antibiotics.
  • AMR is projected to be the third leading cause of death globally.
  • India, a major antibiotic consumer, faces a severe AMR burden, with high prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and carbapenem resistance in E. coli and Klebsiella.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the escalating crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) globally and in India.
  • To identify key contributing factors to AMR, including patient, prescriber, system, environmental, and agricultural uses.
  • To outline India's National Action Plan and WHO strategies for combating AMR.

Main Methods:

  • Review of global AMR estimates and Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) data.
  • Analysis of contributing factors to AMR across various sectors.
  • Examination of national and international strategies for AMR containment.

Main Results:

  • AMR is a leading cause of death globally, with India experiencing a high burden.
  • Prevalence of MRSA exceeds 50%, and carbapenem resistance is nearly 50% in key Gram-negative bacteria in India.
  • Rampant antibiotic use in humans and animals significantly contributes to AMR.

Conclusions:

  • India's National Action Plan and WHO's AWaRe classification are crucial for rational antibiotic use and AMR containment.
  • Multi-stakeholder coordination under the 'One Health' initiative is vital.
  • Addressing AMR requires enhanced knowledge, improved antimicrobial stewardship, and robust monitoring systems.