Gene Therapy in Age-related Macular Degeneration

Recent advances in gene therapy and salient features of the current AMD therapeutic landscape have led to increased interest in applying gene therapy approaches to AMD. This review will discuss approaches to drug administration, viral and non-viral delivery vectors, and current trials in gene therapy for both wet and dry AMD. Drug administration routes include subretinal, intravitreal, and suprachoroidal approaches. Viral vectors include adenoviral, lentiviral, and adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors. Non-viral vectors include lipid nanoparticle (LNP) and polymer-based vectors. Current trials in wet AMD include ADVM-022 and RGX-314. Current trials in dry AMD include GT-005 and JNJ-1887.