Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

19.0K

Paraneoplastic Syndromes in the Orbit and Ocular Adnexa: A Comprehensive Review

Amee D Azad1, Suzanne K Freitag

  • 1Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.

International Ophthalmology Clinics
|July 2, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Paraneoplastic syndromes, immune or non-immune reactions to cancer, can affect the orbit and ocular adnexa. Early recognition of these syndromes is crucial for timely cancer diagnosis and improved patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Paraneoplastic syndromes are nonmalignant disorders triggered by underlying cancers.
  • These syndromes arise from immunologic or non-immunologic reactions to malignancy.
  • They can impact all structures within the orbit and ocular adnexa.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize paraneoplastic syndromes affecting the periorbita and orbit.
  • To highlight the importance of early recognition for diagnosis and treatment.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview for clinicians.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of paraneoplastic syndromes in ophthalmology.
  • Analysis of clinical manifestations in the periorbital and orbital regions.
  • Synthesis of current understanding of pathogenesis and presentation.

Main Results:

  • Paraneoplastic syndromes present diverse ocular and periorbital manifestations.
  • These syndromes are often the initial indicators of occult malignancies.
  • Recognition aids in expedited diagnosis of life-threatening cancers.

Conclusions:

  • Ocular and periorbital paraneoplastic syndromes require prompt identification.
  • Early diagnosis improves patient prognosis by enabling timely cancer treatment.
  • Understanding these syndromes is vital for comprehensive patient care.
Keywords:
dermatosesdiplopiamyositisocular adnexaoncologyorbital diseaseorbital inflammationparaneoplastic syndromesptosis

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Anterior HR-OCT as a Non-Invasive Tool for Characterizing Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia06:15

Author Spotlight: Anterior HR-OCT as a Non-Invasive Tool for Characterizing Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia

Published on: August 9, 2024

1.4K
Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues06:38

Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues

Published on: August 4, 2022

2.4K

Related Concept Videos

Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
1.9K
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
782
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
586