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Does gaze direction influence cycling effort?

Sem Otten^1,2, Ruud J R Den Hartigh², Frank T J M Zaal³

¹EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, University of Montpellier, IMT Mines Alès, Montpellier, France.

|July 2, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Gazing direction in cycling does not significantly alter perceived effort, contrary to expectations. Peripheral vision may be crucial for how visual cues influence cycling performance and perceived exertion.

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Area of Science:

Sports Science
Human Factors
Perception

Background:

Optic flow speed influences perceived cycling effort.
Previous research indicates visual field occlusions affect cycling exertion.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if gaze direction (proximal vs. distal) impacts perceived cycling effort.
To test the hypothesis that proximal gaze increases perceived momentum and effort.

Main Methods:

Twenty-eight cyclists completed 20-minute cycling trials in a virtual reality environment.
Gaze direction was manipulated to focus on proximal (near road) or distal (horizon) areas.
Exerted power output was measured and compared between conditions, controlling for baseline effort.

Main Results:

No significant difference in cycling effort was found between proximal and distal gaze conditions.
No interaction effect was observed between gaze condition and baseline power output.

Conclusions:

Gaze direction alone, focusing on proximal or distal views, did not alter cycling effort in this study.
The findings suggest peripheral vision might play a more significant role in visual perception of speed and its influence on cycling effort than previously thought.