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Assessment of Viability of Human Fat Injection into Nude Mice with Micro-Computed Tomography

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Long-term Stability and Hyaluronic Acid Filler Selection for Forehead Contouring.

Raffaele Rauso¹, Nicola Zerbinati²

¹Private practice, Rome.

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

|July 2, 2025

Summary

Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers can reshape the forehead, offering a safe and effective alternative to surgery. This study shows stable, satisfying results with deep HA injections for forehead contouring.

Keywords:

Craniofacial aesthetics forehead contouring frontal bossing correction hyaluronic acid fillers minimally invasive procedures

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Area of Science:

Aesthetic medicine
Dermatology
Plastic surgery

Background:

Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers are increasingly used for advanced facial remodeling.
Forehead contouring was traditionally managed with surgery or botulinum toxin.
HA fillers offer a new approach to forehead reshaping.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the long-term outcomes of forehead contouring using HA fillers.
To assess the safety and patient satisfaction of this procedure.
To determine the efficacy of specific HA filler properties for forehead applications.

Main Methods:

Retrospective study of 38 patients (36 males, 2 females; mean age 47.6 years).
Treatment involved deep injections of a low G' (20 Pa), monophasic cross-linked HA filler above the periosteum.
Mean volume used was 16 mL per patient; follow-up up to 36 months.

Main Results:

No major or minor complications were reported.
High patient satisfaction with an average Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score of 91 at 12 months.
Stable aesthetic results observed up to 36 months, with no filler resorption, nodules, or irregularities.

Conclusions:

Deep HA filler injections are effective, cost-efficient, and safe for forehead contouring.
Low-cohesivity, low-elasticity HA fillers allow precise molding and integration in forehead tissues.
HA fillers present a reliable, reversible alternative to surgical forehead contouring, warranting further research.