Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Role of Reduced Coenzymes NADH and FADH₂01:29

Role of Reduced Coenzymes NADH and FADH₂

12.7K
The energy released from the breakdown of the chemical bonds within nutrients can be stored either through the reduction of electron carriers or in the bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In living systems, a small class of compounds functions as mobile electron carriers, molecules that bind to and shuttle high-energy electrons between compounds in pathways. The principal electron carriers that will be considered originate from the B vitamin group and are derivatives of nucleotides; they are...
12.7K
Energy Supply for Muscle Contraction01:25

Energy Supply for Muscle Contraction

3.8K
Skeletal muscle fibers have the unique ability to switch between rest and contraction states, using different sources of ATP for energy. The contraction cycle and Ca2+ transport back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum for relaxation require significant ATP. However, the ATP reserves in muscle fibers are limited and can only sustain contractions for a few seconds. Additional ATP production becomes necessary for prolonged contractions. As a result, muscle fibers generate ATP through various sources,...
3.8K
Muscle Recovery and Fatigue01:24

Muscle Recovery and Fatigue

2.5K
Muscle fatigue refers to the decline in a muscle's ability to maintain the force of contraction after prolonged activity. It primarily stems from changes within muscle fibers. Even before experiencing muscle fatigue, one may feel tired and have the urge to stop the activity. This response, known as central fatigue, occurs due to changes in the central nervous system, namely the brain and spinal cord. While there is no single mechanism that induces fatigue, it may serve as a protective...
2.5K
Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules01:19

Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules

7.7K
Energy production within a cell involves many coordinated chemical pathways. Most of these pathways are combinations of oxidation and reduction reactions, which occur at the same time. An oxidation reaction strips an electron from an atom in a compound, and the addition of this electron to another compound is a reduction reaction. Because oxidation and reduction usually occur together, these pairs of reactions are called redox reactions.
The removal of an electron from a molecule, results in a...
7.7K
Redox Reactions01:27

Redox Reactions

213
Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
213
Electron Carriers01:24

Electron Carriers

86.0K
Electron carriers can be thought of as electron shuttles. These compounds can easily accept electrons (i.e., be reduced) or lose them (i.e., be oxidized). They play an essential role in energy production because cellular respiration is contingent on the flow of electrons.
Over the many stages of cellular respiration, glucose breaks down into carbon dioxide and water. Electron carriers pick up electrons lost by glucose in these reactions, temporarily storing and releasing them into the electron...
86.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

NAD-dependent redox control enables endothelial quiescence and vascular stabilization during angiogenesis.

Cell metabolism·2026
Same author

Safety and efficacy of individualised exercise and NAD<sup>+</sup> precursor supplementation in patients with Friedreich's ataxia in the USA: a single-centre, 2 × 2 factorial, randomised controlled trial.

The Lancet. Neurology·2026
Same author

In vivo imaging of glutamate uncovers the neuroprotective effects of nicotinamide riboside on excitotoxicity in an Alzheimer's mouse model.

Alzheimer's research & therapy·2026
Same author

AKT signaling in hepatocytes rapidly increases glucose phosphorylation and contribution to glycogen without affecting metabolite pool sizes or glycogen breakdown.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

ERα activates NAMPT/IL-33 signaling to enhance beige thermogenesis and metabolic fitness.

Science advances·2026
Same author

The innate thermogenic capacity of brown adipose tissue develops independently of sympathetic signaling.

Molecular metabolism·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Measurement of Protein Import Capacity of Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria
09:01

Measurement of Protein Import Capacity of Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria

Published on: January 7, 2022

2.7K

Muscle needs NAD, but how much?

David W Frederick1, Joseph P McGaunn1, Joseph A Baur1

  • 1Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Cell Metabolism
|July 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) supplements are popular for muscle health. However, a new study shows that lowering NAD levels in adult mouse muscles surprisingly had no negative functional effects.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Mitochondrial Function and Cellular Metabolic Adaptation in Metabolic Diseases
08:12

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Mitochondrial Function and Cellular Metabolic Adaptation in Metabolic Diseases

Published on: October 4, 2024

1.9K
A Semi-High-Throughput Adaptation of the NADH-Coupled ATPase Assay for Screening Small Molecule Inhibitors
10:28

A Semi-High-Throughput Adaptation of the NADH-Coupled ATPase Assay for Screening Small Molecule Inhibitors

Published on: August 17, 2019

9.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Measurement of Protein Import Capacity of Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria
09:01

Measurement of Protein Import Capacity of Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria

Published on: January 7, 2022

2.7K
Author Spotlight: Unveiling Mitochondrial Function and Cellular Metabolic Adaptation in Metabolic Diseases
08:12

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Mitochondrial Function and Cellular Metabolic Adaptation in Metabolic Diseases

Published on: October 4, 2024

1.9K
A Semi-High-Throughput Adaptation of the NADH-Coupled ATPase Assay for Screening Small Molecule Inhibitors
10:28

A Semi-High-Throughput Adaptation of the NADH-Coupled ATPase Assay for Screening Small Molecule Inhibitors

Published on: August 17, 2019

9.8K

Area of Science:

  • Metabolic pathways
  • Skeletal muscle physiology
  • Aging research

Background:

  • Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is crucial for cellular energy metabolism.
  • NAD+ boosting supplements are widely marketed for potential health benefits, particularly in skeletal muscle.
  • The precise role of NAD levels in adult skeletal muscle function remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional consequences of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels in adult skeletal muscle.
  • To determine if NAD depletion impacts muscle performance and physiology in a controlled experimental setting.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an inducible genetic model in adult mice to specifically lower NAD concentration within muscle tissue.
  • Assessed various functional parameters of skeletal muscle following NAD reduction.

Main Results:

  • Despite a significant decrease in muscle NAD concentration, no substantial functional deficits were observed in the adult mice.
  • Skeletal muscle performance and physiological integrity were maintained even with depleted NAD levels.

Conclusions:

  • The study challenges the assumption that maintaining high NAD levels is critical for adult skeletal muscle function.
  • These findings suggest that skeletal muscle may possess robust mechanisms to compensate for NAD reduction.
  • Further research is needed to explore the long-term implications and specific molecular adaptations involved.