Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

55.4K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
55.4K
Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

956
Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
956
Visual System01:26

Visual System

705
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
705
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

4.7K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
4.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Thermochemical Characterization and Environmental Ash of COVID-19-Related Medical Waste Disposal.

ACS omega·2026
Same author

Assessing Time-Frequency Analysis Methods for Non-Stationary EMG Bursts: Application to an Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

The unexpected sight: improvement of visual function following intracortical microstimulation of the human occipital cortex.

Brain communications·2026
Same author

Evaluation of Lipid Nanoparticles as Vehicles for Optogenetic Delivery in Primary Cortical Neurons.

Pharmaceutics·2026
Same author

Machine learning-based treatment outcome prediction in head and neck cancer using integrated noninvasive diagnostics.

International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery·2025
Same author

Physiological Response in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) During Social Robot Interaction.

International journal of neural systems·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Computational Modeling of Retinal Neurons for Visual Prosthesis Research - Fundamental Approaches
10:50

Computational Modeling of Retinal Neurons for Visual Prosthesis Research - Fundamental Approaches

Published on: June 21, 2022

1.8K

Bayesian optimization of cortical neuroprosthetic vision using perceptual feedback.

Burcu Küçükoğlu1, Leili Soo2, David Leeftink1

  • 1Department of Machine Learning and Neural Computing, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Journal of Neural Engineering
|July 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Bayesian optimization efficiently finds optimal electrical stimulation patterns for neuroprosthetic vision by using patient feedback to improve light perception. This method accelerates the search for effective phosphene generation in blind individuals.

Keywords:
Bayesian optimizationelectrical stimulationneural prosthesespatient feedbackstimulation protocolsstimulation safetyvisual neuroprostheses

More Related Videos

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
07:12

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

573
Author Spotlight: Insights into Visual Cortex Research Through Wide-View fMRI Mapping
07:11

Author Spotlight: Insights into Visual Cortex Research Through Wide-View fMRI Mapping

Published on: December 8, 2023

1.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Computational Modeling of Retinal Neurons for Visual Prosthesis Research - Fundamental Approaches
10:50

Computational Modeling of Retinal Neurons for Visual Prosthesis Research - Fundamental Approaches

Published on: June 21, 2022

1.8K
Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
07:12

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

573
Author Spotlight: Insights into Visual Cortex Research Through Wide-View fMRI Mapping
07:11

Author Spotlight: Insights into Visual Cortex Research Through Wide-View fMRI Mapping

Published on: December 8, 2023

1.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Computer Science

Background:

  • Cortical neuroprosthetic vision aims to restore light perception (phosphenes) in blind individuals via electrical stimulation.
  • Optimizing stimulation parameters across numerous electrodes is challenging due to the vast search space.
  • Current methods rely on patient feedback, which can be inefficient for parameter discovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of Bayesian optimization (BO) in efficiently identifying optimal electrical stimulation protocols for phosphene perception.
  • To compare BO with random generation (RG) in optimizing stimulation parameters based on patient feedback.
  • To demonstrate a systematic approach for discovering effective stimulation patterns in cortical neuroprosthetics.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a trust region-based Bayesian optimization algorithm to optimize stimulation parameters for 40 electrodes.
  • Utilized patient perceptual ratings (Likert scale) as feedback to guide the BO process.
  • Compared BO-driven stimulation protocol generation against random generation in a patient with a 96-channel microelectrode array.

Main Results:

  • Bayesian optimization led to a gradual convergence of patient ratings towards higher perceived quality compared to random generation.
  • BO-discovered protocols increasingly favored higher total current, correlating with patient preference for brighter phosphenes.
  • Effective electrodes identified in prior studies were preferentially selected and allocated higher currents by the BO algorithm.

Conclusions:

  • Bayesian optimization significantly enhances the efficiency of discovering optimal stimulation parameters for neuroprosthetic vision.
  • This approach leverages patient feedback to systematically refine stimulation protocols, improving phosphene perception.
  • The findings support the clinical utility of BO for accelerating research and development in visual prosthetics.