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Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Characterization of Complex Systems Using the Design of Experiments Approach: Transient Protein Expression in Tobacco as a Case Study
Published on: January 31, 2014
Software for complex group sequential designs
1Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA.
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Group sequential design (GSD) is a statistical methodology employed in clinical trials to enable interim analyses (IA) and potential early termination based on accumulating data. It has gained significant popularity in the field of clinical trials due to its ability to enhance decision-making and expedite the development of effective treatments. The implementation of GSD has grown progressively intricate in recent times. For instance, in several recent trials, the treatment effect may vary over both time and strata. Given the complexity of GSD, it is crucial to have appropriate software that facilitates the necessary calculations. This article will introduce R packages for GSD using both examples and simulations, notably gsDesign2 and simtrial.
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