Ensemble source apportionment of particulate matter and volatile organic compounds and quantifying ensemble source...

Serious fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) pollution and rapidly increasing of ground-level ozone (O₃) concentrations are concern issues in China. To achieve the comprehensive control of PM_2.5-O₃ composite air pollution, exploring the common sources of PM_2.5 and VOCs is essential. However, previous researches most carried out either PM_2.5 or VOCs source appointment. In this study, we applied the ensemble source apportionment method to explore the impacts of common sources on PM_2.5-VOCs. Subsequently, we obtained the ensemble source impacts on O₃ combining the extracted VOCs source profile and ozone formation potential. We found that the focus of environmental management and source control should be varied accordingly for different pollutants. Vehicle emission was the largest contributor (41 %) to PM_2.5-VOCs, while industrial emission was the main common source (51 %) to O₃. The result showed that the O₃ production rate is not only related to the VOCs emission, but also to the reactivity of VOCs. In addition, sensitivity tests revealed that temperature was the main factor affecting O₃ formation. The study provides a framework to explore the common sources impact on PM_2.5 and VOCs, which is benefit to address both PM_2.5 and O₃ mitigations.