Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Role of Inflammation in the Co-occurrence of Primary Sjogren's Syndrome and Lung Adenocarcinoma
Published on: September 20, 2024
X-linked Agammaglobulinemia First Diagnosed in Adulthood with Recurrent Pneumonia and Multiple Warty Skin Nodules
Misaki Isawa1, Yoshihisa Tokunaga1, Masaki Tominaga2
1Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan.
Abstract:
A 21-year-old man with a history of recurrent pneumonia and aggregated skin nodules on both legs was admitted to our hospital. His family history revealed an early death from unknown causes, which led us to suspect immune abnormalities. Laboratory tests showed markedly low B cell counts and serum IgG, IgA, and IgM levels, while his T-cell system appeared normal. Genetic testing revealed a Bruton Tyrosine Kinase gene variant, and the patient was diagnosed with X-linked agammaglobulinemia. The patient has recovered from all illnesses since receiving immunoglobulin replacement therapy and is currently doing well without any further infections.
Related Concept Videos
Immunodeficiency Diseases
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment
Development of Immunocompetence
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Secondary Lymphoid Organs
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:

