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Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
The Functional and Cosmetic Brow Lift
Bailey R Minehart1, Jose E Barrera2
1Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Texas Center for Facial Plastic Surgery, San Antonio, TX 78247, USA.
Abstract:
This article provides a detailed description of the anatomy of the forehead and scalp, including musculature and neurovascular supply. It also describes how to evaluate patients for a brow lift, including assessment of the brow position, upper eyelid redundancy, and hairline. The article also describes in details the approach options for a brow lift, including coronal, pretrichial or hairline, endoscopic, temporal, direct, and mid forehead approaches, and also provides a comparison of which approach is best based on patient evaluation and desired outcome. The article concludes with complications associated with a brow lift.
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