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Immune-Mediated Disorders in Patients With Alopecia Areata: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Piotr K Krajewski1, Beata Jastrząb1, Jacek C Szepietowski2,3
1University Center of General Dermatology and Oncodermatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
International Journal of Dermatology
|July 2, 2025
Summary
Alopecia areata (AA) patients have a higher risk of other immune diseases. This includes conditions like vitiligo, lupus, and autoimmune thyroiditis, highlighting the need for integrated patient care.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Immunology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disorder causing hair loss.
- AA often co-occurs with other immune-mediated diseases, but associations require clarification.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically assess the prevalence and risk of immune-mediated comorbidities in patients with alopecia areata.
- To identify specific associated conditions and quantify their risk.
Main Methods:
- Meta-analysis of 18 case-control studies (462,945 AA patients, 11,488,192 controls).
- Literature search from 2000-2024 using Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar.
- Data extraction and quality assessment followed PRISMA and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
Main Results:
- Significantly increased odds of comorbidities in AA patients: vitiligo (OR 6.61), systemic lupus erythematosus (OR 3.28), atopic dermatitis (OR 2.63), autoimmune thyroiditis (OR 1.57), inflammatory bowel disease (OR 1.20).
- Prevalence varied, from 0.34% for multiple sclerosis to 38.65% for atopic disorders.
Conclusions:
- Alopecia areata is linked to a substantially higher risk of various immune-mediated conditions.
- Strong associations with vitiligo, SLE, and autoimmune thyroiditis necessitate comprehensive screening and multidisciplinary management for AA patients.
Keywords:
alopecia areataantinuclear antibodiesatopic disordersautoimmune diseasesautoimmune thyroiditiscomorbiditieshair lossmeta‐analysissystemic lupus erythematosusMore Related Videos
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