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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of Erythrocytes01:27

Disorders of Erythrocytes

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Disorders of erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), include a range of conditions affecting their number, shape, or function.
Erythrocyte disorders can be broadly categorized into two main types: anemic and polycythemic conditions.
A low oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to the loss, lower production, or destruction of erythrocytes is termed anemia. Hemorrhagic anemia, for example, occurs when bleeding from an external wound or internal ulcer reduces erythrocyte counts.
On the other...
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Factors Affecting Erythropoiesis01:24

Factors Affecting Erythropoiesis

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The cardiovascular system regulates the number of erythrocytes in the bloodstream to ensure optimal oxygen transport. It also prevents over-proliferation of these cells, which helps to maintain blood viscosity and flow rate.
Several factors influence the erythrocyte production rate, with tissue oxygen level being among the most critical. Intense exercise or high altitudes can cause tissue hypoxia, which triggers the kidneys to release more erythropoietin (EPO) into the bloodstream.
EPO then...
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Erythropoiesis01:14

Erythropoiesis

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Red blood cells  (RBCs) transport oxygen to all body tissues. These cells survive only for 120 days and then need to be replenished. Erythropoiesis is the process of RBC production. In healthy individuals, erythropoiesis ensures all tissues are amply supplied with oxygen. In addition, blood loss due to injury leads to a drop in the physiological oxygen level that will cause erythropoiesis. Any defect in erythropoiesis leads to several physiological disorders, including thalassemia, anemia,...
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Lifecycle of Erythrocytes01:22

Lifecycle of Erythrocytes

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Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, constantly move through blood capillaries. As a result, they damage their plasma membrane due to the continuous friction. Typically, after 100 to 120 days, erythrocytes become rigid and fragile as they wear out. As they pass through small vessels in the spleen and liver, they can get trapped and break apart into fragments.
The resident phagocytic macrophages deal with these damaged cells by engulfing them and separating their globin and heme groups....
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The Periodic Table and Organismal Elements00:57

The Periodic Table and Organismal Elements

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Overview
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Hemoglobin01:24

Hemoglobin

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Hemoglobin is a globular protein made up of four subunits. Two of these subunits are alpha chains, and the other two are beta chains. Each subunit contains a molecule of heme, which has an iron atom and can bind to oxygen. When an oxygen molecule binds to one heme group, it changes the shape of hemoglobin, making it easier for the other heme groups to bind oxygen as well.
When all four heme groups are bound to oxygen, the resulting molecule is called oxyhemoglobin. As a result, arterial blood...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Measurement of Tissue Non-Heme Iron Content using a Bathophenanthroline-Based Colorimetric Assay
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Measurement of Tissue Non-Heme Iron Content using a Bathophenanthroline-Based Colorimetric Assay

Published on: January 31, 2022

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Iron-Loading Anemias.

Maayan V Levy1, Yelena Z Ginzburg2

  • 1The Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|July 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Red blood cell production, or erythropoiesis, is complex and regulated by many factors. New insights into erythropoiesis are improving treatments for iron-loading anemias like beta-thalassemia and myelodysplastic syndrome.

Keywords:
Erythroferrone (ERFE)Ineffective erythropoiesisIron overloadMyelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)β-thalassemia

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Measurement of Heme Synthesis Levels in Mammalian Cells
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Setup of Capillary Electrophoresis-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry CE-ICP-MS for Quantification of Iron Redox Species FeII, FeIII
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Setup of Capillary Electrophoresis-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry CE-ICP-MS for Quantification of Iron Redox Species FeII, FeIII

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Measurement of Tissue Non-Heme Iron Content using a Bathophenanthroline-Based Colorimetric Assay
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Measurement of Heme Synthesis Levels in Mammalian Cells
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Setup of Capillary Electrophoresis-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry CE-ICP-MS for Quantification of Iron Redox Species FeII, FeIII
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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Erythropoiesis is the bone marrow process of red blood cell (RBC) production, essential for oxygen transport.
  • This complex process involves differentiation of progenitor cells, regulated by hormones, cytokines, and growth factors.
  • Recent research has significantly advanced the understanding of molecular mechanisms governing daily RBC production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the current understanding of iron-loading anemias, focusing on beta-thalassemia and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).
  • To describe the cutting-edge pathophysiology of these dyserythropoietic disorders.
  • To delineate novel therapeutic strategies currently in development for these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on erythropoiesis and iron-loading anemias.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms and regulatory pathways in RBC production.
  • Examination of preclinical and clinical data for novel therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Enhanced understanding of the molecular coordination of erythropoiesis.
  • Detailed insights into the pathophysiology of iron-loading anemias, including beta-thalassemia and MDS.
  • Identification of emerging therapeutic targets and strategies for dyserythropoietic disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Advances in understanding erythropoiesis are crucial for addressing iron-loading anemias.
  • Novel therapies targeting pathophysiology show promise for treating beta-thalassemia and MDS.
  • Continued research into molecular mechanisms will drive future therapeutic innovations.