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Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Three-dimensional Biomimetic Technology: Novel Biorubber Creates Defined Micro- and Macro-scale Architectures in Collagen Hydrogels
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Three-dimensional robotic structures fabricated and powered entirely with proteins

Haiyang Jia1, Huan Sun2, Johannes Flommersfeld3

  • 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China. haiyangjia@bit.edu.cn.

Nature Protocols
|July 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Scientists created protein-based microrobots using 3D printing and actomyosin actuation. These self-powered biomolecular machines can be programmed for various applications in synthetic biology and biophysics.

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