Comprehensive analysis of bony scapula morphology and anthropometry in a homogeneous population

The shoulder joint has consistently drawn the interest of radiologists, physiologists, and orthopaedic surgeons. The precise measurements and geometry of the scapula are crucial to understanding shoulder pathomechanics. It is necessary to understand typical variations in the glenoid, coracoid, and acromion to maximize shoulder procedures' success. This study reports the morphological characteristics and anthropometric measurements of the scapular bone structures in a representative sample of our community.

A total of 60 dry human scapulae were studied. Morphological variations in the suprascapular notch, acromion, and glenoid cavity were observed. The dimensions of the scapular body, glenoid cavity, and coracoid and acromion processes were measured.

When comparing the three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) and sliding vernier calliper calibrations, no discernible variation was found in any of the measured parameters. The most prevalent morphologies were the oval-shaped glenoid, type II acromion, and type III suprascapular notch, corresponding to incidences of 50%, 70%, and 35%, respectively. The mean glenoid index among the determined parameters was 70% ± 1%. The average acromial thickness was 7.6 ± 1.4 mm, and the average coracoid tip-infer glenoid tubercle distance was 35 ± 5 mm.

The scapular bony components exhibit significant interpopulation variation in their morphological and anthropometric parameters. 3D-CT scans and direct measurements yielded closely aligned results, confirming the accuracy of CT for scapular evaluation. This highlights the usefulness of CT in different shoulder interventions. Preoperative planning to ascertain the scapular bony dimensions and knowledge of the morphology of scapular components is always advantageous.

Not applicable for this study.