The impact self-esteem towards the orthodontic issues in the social media: a cross-sectional study

Orthodontic treatment has become significantly more accessible in recent decades, contributing positively to patients' quality of life by enhancing dental aesthetics and self-esteem. This study aims to investigate how social media usage affects self-esteem, self-perceived aesthetics, and the perceived need for orthodontic treatment among these generational groups.

This cross-sectional observational study included 250 participants from three generational groups: Generation Z (born 1997-2012), Generation Y (born 1980-1996), and Generation X (born 1965-1979). Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire distributed through social media platforms. The questionnaire covered background characteristics, patterns of social media usage, self-perceived aesthetics, orthodontic treatment need, and self-esteem. A Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used for self-perceived attractiveness and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) to evaluate self-esteem.

The sample comprised 250 participants. Generation Z reported the highest average daily social media use (4.42 h), followed by Generation Y (3.28 h) and Generation X (2.65 h). Social media had a significantly greater impact on the work or studies of Generation Z compared to the other generations. Regarding social comparison, generation Z had a significantly higher tendency to compare their body appearance and life experiences than Generations Y and X. Regarding self-perceived dental aesthetics and orthodontic treatment need, although not statistically significant, Generation X reported the highest perceived need for orthodontic treatment, followed by Generation Y and Generation Z. Self-esteem scores did not differ significantly among generations. Generation Z recorded the lowest mean self-esteem score.

There were no significant generational differences in perceived orthodontic treatment needs. However, Generation Z exhibited higher social media usage and greater social comparison regarding body image and life experiences, indicating that social media may contribute more significantly role in shaping social pressures among younger generations. In addition, individuals with lower satisfaction in dental aesthetics perceived a higher need for orthodontic treatment.