Physicochemical evaluation of mineral trioxide aggregate and five mineral oxides calcium silicate-based cements

Five mineral oxides (5MO, Golden Yatti LLC) is an endodontic calcium-silicate based repair cement. This study aimed to evaluate physicochemical properties, chemical composition and surface characterization of the 5MO material in comparison to White MTA (Angelus).

The setting time was evaluated using the Gillmore needle. The pH was measured with a pH-meter after 3, 12, 24 h, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days. Solubility was determined after immersion in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 7 days. Surface analysis of the cements was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a coupled energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and other chemical analysis was performed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Data were analyzed using Student's t test (p ≤ 0.05).

Both materials had an alkaline pH in all periods analyzed; however, after 21 days, White MTA presented a higher pH (p ≤ 0.05). The 5MO material took longer to set and had greater solubility (p ≤ 0.05). Surface characterization using SEM/EDS highlighted distinct particle morphologies and elements, like carbon, oxygen, calcium, silicon, and other trace elements in 5MO and White MTA. FTIR analysis revealed an absorption band at 1400 cm⁻¹ associated with the C-O stretching of carbonate groups. The band at 3200 cm⁻¹ corresponds to the C-H vibrations, which is characteristic of hydrated ceramics.

While the 5MO material exhibits promising alkalinity and elemental composition favorable for tissue regeneration, its longer setting time and greater solubility in comparison to White MTA may compromise the integrity of the seal, promoting bacterial recontamination.