Diagnostic utility of the item-specific Encoding Deficit Index in relation to medial temporal lobe atrophy in...

Given the challenge of reliably detecting encoding deficits, this study examined whether the item-specific Encoding Deficit Index, presumably resistant to attentional fluctuations, is sensitive to early Alzheimer's disease (AD), and explored its neural basis for clinical application. Results showed that the index significantly predicted hippocampal volume in individuals with early-stage AD, especially in the input-processing subfields. Receiver operating characteristic analysis confirmed its ability to differentiate individuals with very mild AD from cognitively healthy controls. The index also demonstrated relative robustness against attention-related variability. These findings support its potential utility as a behavioral biomarker for early-stage neurodegeneration associated with AD.