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The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
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Updated: Sep 17, 2025

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Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome in Men.

Madeline Snipes1,2, Wyatt Whitman1,2, Michel Pontari3

  • 1Department of Urology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.

Neurourology and Urodynamics
|July 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) in men is understudied, presenting diagnostic challenges due to overlap with other pelvic pain conditions. More sex-specific research is needed to understand IC/BPS in males.

Keywords:
Hunner lesionbladder‐capacitychronic pelvic pain syndromechronic prostatitisdiagnosistreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Andrology
  • Pain Medicine

Background:

  • Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is traditionally viewed as a condition affecting women.
  • Limited research exists specifically addressing the unique aspects of IC/BPS in the male population.
  • A global consensus meeting highlighted the need for targeted research and clinical guidelines for male IC/BPS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a consensus document focusing on the phenotyping, diagnosis, and biomarkers of IC/BPS specifically in men.
  • To outline the current understanding of IC/BPS prevalence, clinical characteristics, and evaluation in males.
  • To identify gaps in knowledge and treatment strategies for male IC/BPS.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative review approach was employed to synthesize existing literature.
  • The study involved a subcommittee focused on IC/BPS in men during a global consensus meeting.
  • Data synthesis included reviewing prevalence, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and treatment options.

Main Results:

  • Prevalence data for IC/BPS in men is highly variable due to limited specific research.
  • Diagnosis is complicated by overlap with chronic prostatitis and other chronic pelvic pain syndromes.
  • Key diagnostic features include pain with bladder filling and relief with voiding; painful ejaculation may suggest pelvic floor dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • There is a significant need for further sex-specific research into IC/BPS in men.
  • Hormonal and anatomical differences between sexes likely influence IC/BPS presentation and require dedicated investigation.
  • Current diagnostic and treatment approaches for male IC/BPS lack specificity.