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Neurosyphilis in 2025.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Syphilis cases are rising globally, with increasing neurosyphilis diagnoses. Awareness of varied presentations and updated guidelines for diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing this public health challenge.

Keywords:
HIVlumbar punctureneurosyphilisserology

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Syphilis remains a significant global health concern.
  • Recent epidemics have been observed even in high-income nations.
  • Neurological involvement in syphilis is increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse clinical presentations of syphilis.
  • To highlight updated diagnostic and treatment guidelines.
  • To focus on neurosyphilis, including in people with HIV (PWH).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent syphilis epidemics and neurosyphilis cases.
  • Analysis of diagnostic work-up, including lumbar puncture and neuroimaging.
  • Examination of current treatment protocols and guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Neurosyphilis diagnoses are increasing in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals.
  • Presentations of neurosyphilis are highly variable and can occur at different disease stages.
  • The British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH) released updated guidelines in 2024.

Conclusions:

  • Rising syphilis rates correlate with increased neurological complications.
  • Understanding varied neurosyphilis presentations is key to preventing long-term sequelae.
  • Adherence to updated diagnostic and treatment criteria is essential for global syphilis control.