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Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Assessing the Multiple Dimensions of Engagement to Characterize Learning: A Neurophysiological Perspective
Published on: July 1, 2015
Investigating schoolwork engagement and mental health of children based on structural equation modeling
Nobuko Egusa1,2, Yoshiyuki Hirano1,3, Takeshi Katayama2
1The University of Osaka, United Graduate School of Child Development, The University of Osaka, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Suita Osaka Japan.
Aim:
This study explored whether depression, anxiety, social support, and coping with stress are related to schoolwork engagement (SE) using structural equation modeling.
Methods:
This study investigated 798 Japanese elementary and junior high school students (4th to 9th grades) aged 9-15 years (M = 13.9 years, SD = 1.79 years). This study used the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale for Students, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Items Modified for Adolescents, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Adolescent Coping Orientation for Problem Experiences, and Social Support for Children and Adolescents.
Results:
SE had no significant effect on anxiety or depression and vice versa. Coping with stress had a significant positive middle effect on SE (β = 0.509, p < 0.001) and a significant positive weak effect on anxiety (β = 0.225, p < 0.001). However, it did not have a significant effect on depression. Social support had a significant positive weak effect on SE (β = 0.175, p < 0.001). Moreover, it had a significant negative middle effect on anxiety (β = -0.378, p < 0.001) and a significant negative, weak effect on depression (β = -0.133, p < 0.01).
Conclusion:
Our study suggested that depression, anxiety, and SE have no relationship, and that strategies of coping with stress predict higher SE but also higher anxiety.
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