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Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

Catalysts for electrochemical CO₂ conversion: material sustainability perspective.

Chenyang Wang¹, Hung Lai², Hugh Warkentin²

¹The Robert M. Buchan Department of Mining, Queen's University, Kingston, ON Canada.

Npj Materials Sustainability

|July 3, 2025

Summary

Assessing catalysts for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (eCO2R) reveals significant supply risks and environmental impacts. Tin-based catalysts offer better durability and lower sustainability concerns compared to bismuth-based ones.

Keywords:

Electrochemistry Energy science and technology

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Published on: December 6, 2021

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Environmental Science

Background:

Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (eCO2R) is a key technology for climate change mitigation.
Catalyst selection critically impacts eCO2R efficiency, selectivity, and sustainability.
Assessing catalyst supply chain risks and environmental footprints is essential for sustainable implementation.

Purpose of the Study:

To conduct a streamlined supply risk and life-cycle environmental impact assessment for eCO2R catalysts.
To compare the sustainability of various metal-based catalysts for producing formate, CO, ethylene, and ethanol.
To identify catalysts with lower supply risks and environmental burdens.

Main Methods:

Comparative analysis of over 68 eCO2R case studies.
Supply risk assessment for different metal-based catalysts.
Life-cycle environmental impact evaluation of catalysts.
Correlation analysis between catalyst stability and sustainability metrics.

Main Results:

Bismuth-based catalysts for formate production exhibit high supply risks and environmental burdens.
Tin-based catalysts demonstrate superior durability and lower sustainability concerns.
Copper-based catalysts show varying supply risks depending on the target product (ethylene vs. ethanol).
Enhanced catalyst stability significantly reduces supply risks and environmental impacts.

Conclusions:

Catalyst stability is a critical factor for mitigating supply risks and environmental impacts in eCO2R.
Standardized methodologies for assessing catalyst stability are urgently needed.
Cross-sector collaboration is vital for integrating criticality and sustainability assessments for eco-design of eCO2R catalysts.