The effects of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) on metabolic syndrome-related parameters: a systematic review and
Ajaree Rayanakorn1,2, Pattarachon Apisitwittaya2, Shaun Wen Huey Lee3
1Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Background:
Mitragyna speciosa Korth. [Rubiaceae] is a tropical plant with opioid-like properties used for its metabolic altering effects, but data on the metabolic effects are lacking. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to examine the effects of kratom use on parameters related to metabolic syndrome (MetS) in humans.
Methods:
PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to 6 September 2024 to identify eligible analytical studies examining the association between kratom consumption and metabolic effects. The effect estimates were summarized as mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and pooled using random-effects models.
Results:
Five cross-sectional studies were included. The meta-analysis involving 1,458 adults observed significantly lower levels of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) (MD -0.25-0.21 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.39, -0.02), triglyceride (MD -0.17 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.25, -0.09), while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels increased (MD 0.07 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.11). Body mass index was also lower in adults using kratom when compared to the control group (MD -1.52 kg/m2; 95% CI: -2.81, -0.23).
Conclusion:
Kratom use in the adult population was associated with lower LDL-c, TG, BMI, and higher HDL-c levels. However, the total cholesterol and blood sugar lowering effects were not statistically significant. The findings suggest that kratom use may have a protective effect against certain metabolic risk factors. Further investigations particularly longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm these findings.
Systematic Review Registration:
identifier CRD42024600702.
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