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Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.

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Related Experiment Video

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Individualized Stem-positioning in Calcar-guided Short-stem Total Hip Arthroplasty
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Radiographic Performance of a Novel Femoral Stem Design.

Jacob Hawkins1, Emilie N Miley2,3, Kendyll Coxen4

  • 1Orthopaedic Associates, Destin, Florida, USA.

The Iowa Orthopaedic Journal
|July 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study shows a novel collared cementless hip stem design has excellent radiographic incorporation and remodeling. The design demonstrated low rates of fracture, loosening, and revision surgery in total hip arthroplasty patients.

Keywords:
collared femoral stemtotal hip arthroplastyuncemented femoral stem

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Cementless fixation is standard for total hip arthroplasty (THA) in the US.
  • Modern collared cementless stems show reduced fracture risk.
  • Limited data exists on the radiographic performance of these novel stems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the radiographic performance of a novel collared cementless stem design.
  • To define patterns of radiographic incorporation and remodeling.
  • To assess outcomes such as loosening, fracture, and revision rates.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 592 primary or conversion THA cases (562 patients) with at least one-year follow-up.
  • Analysis of radiographic data for osseointegration, calcar-collar gaps, subsidence, and loosening.
  • Inclusion criteria: age ≥18, minimum one-year follow-up; exclusion: revision setting, no one-year radiograph.

Main Results:

  • Excellent radiographic incorporation: 85.2% showed osseointegration (spot welds) at one year.
  • Low complication rates: 0.7% intraoperative fracture, 0.8% subsidence (<5mm), 0.2% one-year all-cause stem revision.
  • Calcar-collar gaps resolved: 66.7% of initial gaps filled by one year; 1.7% reported thigh pain.

Conclusions:

  • The novel collared cementless stem demonstrates excellent healing and radiographic incorporation.
  • This stem design is associated with low rates of periprosthetic fracture, revision, and thigh pain.
  • Radiographic evidence supports the successful performance of this novel THA stem.