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Genetic variation for adaptive evolution in response to changed environments in plants.

Jing Hou1, Meng Liu1, Kai Yang1

  • 1Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.

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Plants adapt to diverse environments by evolving beneficial genetic traits. This review explores the genetic basis of plant adaptation, from molecular mechanisms to crop breeding for climate change resilience.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Evolutionary genetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Plants adapt to local environments via selection of optimal phenotypes.
  • Genomics and computational biology integrate data to identify genes driving adaptation.
  • Understanding plant adaptation is crucial for responding to environmental changes and stresses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding the genetic basis of plant phenotypic variation and adaptation.
  • To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying plant responses to diverse environments and stresses.
  • To discuss future prospects for utilizing adaptive alleles in crop breeding for climate change.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of phenotypic and multi-omics data.
  • Analysis of allelic variations in coding and non-coding regions.
  • Review of genomic events like horizontal gene transfer and whole-genome duplication.

Main Results:

  • Identification of key genes and allelic variations underlying adaptive evolution.
  • Elucidation of genetic basis for morphological traits and stress responses.
  • Understanding of gene acquisition driving early land plant diversification.

Conclusions:

  • Allelic divergence in plants drives adaptation across diverse environments.
  • Genomic innovations were critical for terrestrial plant evolution.
  • Harnessing adaptive alleles offers a path for climate-resilient crop development.