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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Investigating the Three-dimensional Flow Separation Induced by a Model Vocal Fold Polyp
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A Retrospective Multicenter Analysis of Vocal Fold Sulcus Disorders.

Nupur Nerurkar1, Lucian Sulica2, Markus M Hess3

  • 1Bombay Hospital Voice and Swallowing Center, Bombay Hospital and Medical Research Center, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

The Laryngoscope
|July 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Vocal fold sulci, including linear sulcus vergeture (SVE) and pitted sulcus vocalis (SVO), predominantly affect men. SVE shows significant geographical variation, suggesting a hereditary link, while SVO is more common in performers, indicating phonotrauma.

Keywords:
demographicshoarsenesssulcussulcus vergeturesulcus vocalisvocal fold

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Vocal Fold Pathology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Vocal fold sulci, categorized as linear sulcus vergeture (SVE) or pitted sulcus vocalis (SVO), are depressions in the vocal folds.
  • Previous observations suggest a hereditary component for SVE due to familial occurrences and geographical clustering.
  • This study aimed to investigate geographical variations, presentation patterns, and treatment of SVE and SVO.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To audit the geographical variability between sulcus vergeture (SVE) and sulcus vocalis (SVO).
  • To study the patterns of presentation for both types of vocal fold sulci.
  • To analyze treatment approaches for vocal fold sulci.

Main Methods:

  • A 3-year retrospective case-series review of vocal fold sulcus demographics was conducted across voice centers in India, USA, Germany, and Australia.
  • Data collected included associated lesions, sex, vocal performer status, age, and treatment.
  • The denominator comprised benign mucosal glottic lesions like cysts and polyps.

Main Results:

  • Out of 351 sulcus cases, 239 were SVE and 112 were SVO.
  • Both SVE and SVO were predominantly found in men.
  • SVE exhibited significant geographical variability in prevalence (e.g., 82% in Mumbai vs. 8.5% in Germany), unlike SVO.

Conclusions:

  • Vocal fold sulci (SVO and SVE) are more prevalent in men.
  • Sulcus vocalis (SVO) is more common in vocal performers, suggesting phonotrauma as a causative factor.
  • The significant geographical variation in sulcus vergeture (SVE) supports a hereditary etiology, distinguishing it from SVO.