Assessing and mining grain amaranth diversity for sustainable cropping systems

Global challenges and new demands require adaptation of cropping systems. Plant genetic diversity can contribute to adapt and improve crops and create more sustainable agricultural systems. In order to harness this diversity, a unified framework that combines genomic, ecological, and geographical approaches is needed for targeted conservation efforts and breeding strategies. In this review, we discuss the potential of genetic diversity to improve the nutritious and resilient pseudocereal grain amaranth. We emphasize on the utilization of within crop diversity and crop wild relatives. We discuss the impact of hybridization and introgression in facilitating the exchange of genetic material between wild and cultivated amaranth, highlighting their significance in broadening the crop's genetic base. Additionally, we focus on utilization of climate distribution models in predicting the future geographic ranges and their suitability with implications for conservation and future sustainability. We aim to suggest a roadmap for leveraging genetic diversity of underutilized crops to contribute to resilient and sustainable cropping systems in a changing climate.