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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

665
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
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EBV and Autoimmunity.

Marianna Cortese1, Alberto Ascherio2,3,4, Kjetil Bjornevik1,5

  • 1Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
|July 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is causally linked to multiple sclerosis (MS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Further research is needed to confirm EBV's role in other autoimmune diseases for potential prevention strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Epidemiology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a common virus with a plausible link to autoimmune diseases.
  • Altered immune responses to EBV are frequently observed in individuals with autoimmune conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the causal relationship between EBV infection and the development of autoimmune diseases.
  • To present epidemiological evidence supporting or refuting EBV's role in specific autoimmune conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Epidemiological analysis of disease risk in EBV-infected versus uninfected individuals.
  • Assessment of disease incidence following EBV infection.

Main Results:

  • Compelling evidence establishes a causal link between EBV and multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • Evidence suggests a potential causal link between EBV and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
  • Insufficient evidence currently supports a causal role for EBV in other autoimmune diseases.

Conclusions:

  • EBV is a significant risk factor for developing MS and potentially SLE.
  • Targeting EBV may offer novel strategies for preventing and treating certain autoimmune diseases.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate EBV's role in the broader spectrum of autoimmunity.