Update on antimicrobial peptides: key elements in Orthoflavivirus infection - an overview

Flaviviridae is a family of viruses that are mainly transmitted by mosquito vectors of the genus Aedes, which cause febrile illnesses and, in severe cases, haemorrhagic or neurodegenerative conditions. Over time, these viruses have been reported as emerging pathogens, leading to epidemic outbreaks in various regions worldwide. Additionally, climate change has facilitated the migration of these vectors to regions where they were not previously found. Unfortunately, there are currently no effective treatments or vaccines to prevent or combat Orthoflavivirus infections. Consequently, a deeper understanding of the viral biology and the human host immune response is crucial for advancing the development of therapeutic targets. Amongst the molecules involved in the innate immune response to viral infections are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which have been studied for decades. However, their role in Orthoflavivirus infections remains poorly understood. Several researchers have proposed the stimulation or exogenous administration of AMPs during various viral infections, highlighting these molecules as potential innovative therapeutic targets. This study compiles current knowledge on AMPs with a specific focus on Orthoflavivirus infections, emphasizing the importance of these promising therapeutic approaches.