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Sending signals: Trigger warnings and safe space notifications.

Samuel Pratt1, Payton J Jones1, Victoria M E Bridgland2

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Safe space notifications enhance student psychological safety and willingness to discuss topics. Trigger warnings had no significant impact on perceptions of instructors or the classroom environment in this study.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Higher Education Studies
  • Communication Studies

Background:

  • Trigger warnings and safe space notifications are increasingly used in higher education.
  • Previous research has focused on their mental health utility, overlooking interpersonal signaling.
  • The impact on student perceptions of instructors and classroom climate remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how trigger warnings and safe space notifications influence student perceptions of instructors.
  • To examine the effects on students' feelings of psychological safety and willingness to engage with controversial topics.
  • To assess the signaling of instructor political orientation and authoritarianism.

Main Methods:

  • An experiment involving 738 American undergraduates in Fall 2024.
  • Participants viewed videos of instructors presenting trauma lectures preceded by trigger warnings, safe space notifications, both, or neither.
  • Post-viewing, participants rated instructor trustworthiness, concern, political orientation, and psychological safety.

Main Results:

  • Trigger warnings showed no significant overall impact on student perceptions.
  • Safe space notifications significantly increased psychological safety and willingness to discuss controversial topics.
  • Safe spaces enhanced perceptions of instructors as caring and trustworthy but signaled liberal and left-wing authoritarian traits.

Conclusions:

  • Safe space notifications positively influence student psychological safety and classroom engagement.
  • Trigger warnings do not appear to significantly alter student perceptions in this context.
  • Educational institutions should consider the nuanced interpersonal signals of safe space notifications, including perceived political leanings.