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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

594
Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
594
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

502
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
502
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

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Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
1.2K
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

807
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
807
Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

559
Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
559
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

289
Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
289

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention
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Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention

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Enhancing Anesthetic Preoptimization: Promising Opportunities for Innovation in Economically Diverse Regions.

Wendy K Bernstein1, Ronald G Pearl2, Jiapeng Huang3

  • 1From the Department of Anesthesia, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana.

Anesthesia and Analgesia
|July 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anesthesiologists can improve surgical care value by optimizing patient health before operations. Preoperative management of conditions like sleep apnea and diabetes reduces complications and enhances patient outcomes.

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Optogenetic Activation of Afferent Pathways in Brain Slices and Modulation of Responses by Volatile Anesthetics
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Topical Airway Anesthesia for Awake-endoscopic Intubation Using the Spray-as-you-go Technique with High Oxygen Flow
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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Perioperative Medicine
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Rising perioperative care costs necessitate value-based strategies.
  • Healthcare systems must prioritize population health, efficiency, and outcomes.
  • Anesthesiologists are uniquely positioned to enhance preoperative care and value-based objectives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key perioperative medical conditions amenable to preoperative optimization.
  • To highlight innovations in preoperative management impacting intraoperative anesthetic care.
  • To identify gaps in optimizing comorbid conditions before surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of perioperative medical conditions.
  • Analysis of research on preoperative management innovations.
  • Examination of anesthesiologists' evolving roles in value-based care.

Main Results:

  • Specific conditions (e.g., OSA, hypertension, anemia, diabetes) can be optimized preoperatively.
  • Optimized preoperative management can significantly alter intraoperative anesthetic strategies.
  • Improved preoperative care can reduce surgical patient morbidity and mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Anesthesiologists play a crucial role in preoperative patient optimization for value-based care.
  • Addressing comorbid conditions preoperatively is essential for improving surgical outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to close existing gaps in preoperative management strategies.