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Immunization against influenza by the ocular route
Vaccine
|September 1, 1985
Summary
Ocular administration of live attenuated influenza vaccines in mice induces respiratory tract immunity. This route is effective, though intranasal delivery with anesthesia shows higher immunogenicity.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Influenza A virus poses a significant public health threat, necessitating effective vaccination strategies.
- Understanding the immunogenicity of different vaccine delivery routes is crucial for optimizing influenza vaccine efficacy.
- Previous studies suggest variations in immune response based on vaccine administration methods.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the immunogenicity of influenza A virus strains delivered via ocular, nasal, and subcutaneous routes in mice.
- To compare the median protective dose (PD50) across different vaccination routes.
- To investigate the correlation between viral replication in the respiratory tract and immunogenicity.
Main Methods:
- CSL mice were vaccinated with influenza A strains (A/Northern Territory/60/68 and A/Ann Arbor/6/60-ca) via ocular, nasal (anesthetized and unanesthetized), and subcutaneous routes.
- Median protective dose (PD50) was calculated as the infectious virus dose required to inhibit homologous virus multiplication post-challenge.
- Viral replication capacity in the murine respiratory tract was assessed for ocularly administered virus.
Main Results:
- Ocular vaccination required a higher immunizing dose (10^2.89 TCID50) compared to intranasal vaccination in anesthetized mice (<10^2.00 TCID50) for A/Northern Territory/60/68.
- Subcutaneous vaccination showed the lowest immunogenicity (>10^6.00 TCID50) for A/Northern Territory/60/68.
- For A/Ann Arbor/6/60-ca, ocular PD50 was 10^2.83 TCID50, while intranasal routes yielded 10^2.71 (unanesthetized) and 10^1.36 (anesthetized) TCID50.
Conclusions:
- Live attenuated influenza vaccines administered via the ocular route are effective in inducing immunity in the mouse respiratory tract.
- Intranasal delivery, particularly with anesthesia, demonstrated higher immunogenicity than ocular delivery.
- Lower immunogenicity via the ocular route may be linked to reduced viral replication in the respiratory tract.