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Trichophyton rubrum inhibits Candida albicans filamentation and its gene expression when grown in biofilms in vitro

Níura Madalena Bila1,2, Carolina Orlando Vaso1, Jenyffie Araújo Belizário1

  • 1Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Araraquara, SP, Brasil.

Memorias Do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
|July 3, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Trichophyton rubrum inhibits Candida albicans filamentation by altering key genes. This interaction may explain the antagonistic relationship observed between these fungi in mixed biofilms, impacting infection persistence.

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Medical Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Dermatomycoses are common fungal infections caused by dermatophytes and Candida species.
  • Biofilm formation by these fungi contributes to persistent infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of Trichophyton rubrum on Candida albicans filamentation gene dynamics within biofilms.
  • To understand the interaction between C. albicans and T. rubrum in mixed-species biofilms.

Main Methods:

  • Assessing biofilm metabolic activity using XTT reduction assay.
  • Analyzing biofilm structure via confocal microscopy.
  • Quantifying gene expression of C. albicans filamentation genes (CPH1, HWP1, EFG1) using RT-PCR.

Main Results:

  • Trichophyton rubrum supernatants reduced biofilm thickness but did not affect metabolic activity or topography.
  • Direct co-cultivation inhibited Candida albicans filamentation.
  • Expression of C. albicans filamentation genes (CPH1, HWP1, EFG1) was downregulated.

Conclusions:

  • Trichophyton rubrum exhibits an antagonistic relationship with Candida albicans.
  • This antagonism is likely mediated by the downregulation of Candida albicans filamentous genes.

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