Pyruvic Acid Hydrogenation in Water by Diamine-Capped Ruthenium Nanoparticles
Werner Oberhauser1, Lorenzo Poggini1,2, Laura Capozzoli1
1Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (CNR-ICCOM), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
Abstract:
Small-sized (dm = 2.07 nm) diamine (L)-stabilized ruthenium nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully synthesized upon the reaction of Ru(acetylacetonate)3 with hydrogen in the presence of L and dichloromethane. The obtained L-capped ruthenium nanoparticles (RuL) were used as-synthesized and after deposition on the surface of carbon (CK), featured by a high surface area (RuL@CK, Ru content of 0.44 wt %) to selectively catalyze the hydrogenation of pyruvic acid in water at reaction temperatures up to 80 °C. The high efficiency of the latter catalyst emerged from parallel catalytic reactions conducted with the reference catalyst Ru@CK, which was obtained by applying the same synthesis protocol in the absence of L. The role of L in the catalytic pyruvic acid hydrogenation reactions emerged from catalytic reactions combined with high-resolution transmission electron microscopic, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic, and electrochemical studies.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
02:17Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
02:13Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
02:24Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
02:34Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Acid-Catalyzed Hydration
02:40Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Acid-Catalyzed Hydration
Analogous to alkenes, alkynes also undergo acid-catalyzed hydration. While the addition of water to an alkene gives an alcohol, hydration of alkynes produces different products such as aldehydes and ketones.
01:13Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis
During hydrolysis, the ester is first activated towards nucleophilic attack through the protonation of the carboxyl oxygen atom by the acid catalyst. The protonation makes the ester carbonyl carbon more electrophilic. In the next step, water acts as a nucleophile and adds to the...