What is the future of Mpox outbreak?

Mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) is a viral zoonotic disease caused by the Mpox virus, which belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus, in the same family as the variola virus which causes smallpox. Although Mpox was historically confined to Central and West Africa, the 2022 global outbreak marked a significant shift, with cases reported in non-endemic countries but through a combination of targeted public health interventions, vaccination efforts, and behavioral changes within affected communities, the outbreak was brought under control by late 2022 in many regions outside Africa. However, since 2023 a resurgence of the disease in parts of Central and West Africa, driven by the Clade Ib variant, has raised fresh concerns. The outbreaks have been exacerbated by limited diagnostic infrastructure and healthcare access, which prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare a public health emergency regarding this variant in mid-2024. This review aims to explore the future of Mpox outbreak by analyzing the current understanding of the virus, the challenges experienced in handling it, and areas requiring further investigation.