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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a...
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Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

Arteries of the Upper Limbs

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The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
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Muscles that Move the Arm01:31

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Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
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Muscles that Move the Forearm01:16

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The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
Forearm Flexors
The biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis are forearm flexors. The biceps brachii is made up of two heads. Its long head originates at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, whereas that of the short head is...
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Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Vascularized Composite Hand Allograft Procurement and Preparation for Distal and Proximal Forearm Allotransplantation: A Stepwise Approach
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Distal biceps injuries: an overview.

James Allen1, Sophie Donoghue2, Sally Rankin3

  • 1Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK.

Injury
|July 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Distal biceps tendon tears often affect middle-aged men. Surgical repair offers better outcomes than non-operative management, which can lead to strength loss.

Keywords:
BicepsElbowInjuryReconstructionRepairTearTendon

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Sports Medicine
  • Musculoskeletal Injuries

Background:

  • Distal biceps injuries commonly affect middle-aged males, typically resulting from eccentric elbow flexion.
  • Diagnosis relies on clinical assessment, supplemented by imaging when necessary.
  • Tears can be partial or full thickness, influencing treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis and management of distal biceps tendon injuries.
  • To compare surgical and non-operative treatment outcomes.
  • To discuss various surgical techniques and potential complications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of distal biceps tendon injuries.
  • Analysis of diagnostic approaches, including clinical evaluation and imaging.
  • Evaluation of surgical repair and reconstruction techniques for acute and chronic tears.

Main Results:

  • Non-operative management is typically for older, lower-demand patients and may result in loss of supination and flexion strength.
  • Surgical repair is the primary treatment, with different devices available for acute tears.
  • Chronic tears may necessitate graft reconstruction, and surgical management has associated risks.

Conclusions:

  • Surgical intervention is generally preferred for distal biceps tendon tears to preserve function.
  • Non-operative treatment risks functional deficits, particularly in younger, active individuals.
  • Understanding surgical techniques and potential complications is crucial for optimal patient outcomes.