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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Isolation of Cortical Microglia with Preserved Immunophenotype and Functionality From Murine Neonates

Isolation of Cortical Microglia with Preserved Immunophenotype and Functionality From Murine Neonates

Published on: January 30, 2014

Excitatory-neuron-derived interleukin-34 supports cortical developmental microglia function.

Benjamin A Devlin¹, Dang M Nguyen¹, Diogo Ribeiro²

¹Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.

|July 3, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Interleukin-34 (IL-34), a neuron-derived cytokine, is crucial for brain development. It supports mature microglia and regulates synapse pruning in the anterior cingulate cortex of mice.

Keywords:

CSF-1R Il-34 TMEM119 behavior development microglia neuroimmune phagocytosis synapse

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Biology
Immunology

Background:

Neuron-microglia interactions are vital for brain development.
Factors regulating these interactions during development are largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of interleukin-34 (IL-34) in regulating neuron-microglia crosstalk during postnatal brain development.

Main Methods:

Assessed IL-34 expression in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of mice during development.
Utilized excitatory-neuron-specific IL-34 deletion models.
Administered acute IL-34 blocking and viral overexpression in vivo.
Examined microglia numbers, TMEM119 expression, and synaptic phagocytosis.

Main Results:

IL-34 upregulated in early development, produced by excitatory neurons.
IL-34 deletion or blocking reduced microglia numbers, TMEM119 expression, and increased aberrant synaptic phagocytosis.
IL-34 overexpression promoted microglial maturation and prevented excessive synapse engulfment.

Conclusions:

IL-34 is a key regulator of neuron-microglia crosstalk in postnatal brain development.
IL-34 controls microglial maturation and synapse engulfment in the ACC.